C# Overview:

C# is a Modern, General-Purpose, object Oriented Programming Language developed by Microsoft and Approved by European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) and International Standards Organization (ISO)

C# was developed by Anders Hejlsberg and his team during the development of .Net Framework. In 2000, Microsoft announced the C# Programming Language. C# has roots in C, C++ and Java. C# has similar capabilities to java and is appropriate for the ost demanding app-development tasks, especially for building today's large-scale enterprise apps, web-based, mobile and could-based apps.

C# is an Object Oriented and has access to the powerful .NET Framework Class Library, A vast collection of prebuilt classes that enable us to develop apps Quickly.

• Following Are the Some points, that makes C# a Widely used Professional Language:
  

  » It is a Part Of .NET Framework. And the .NET Framework provides a Comprehensive development platform that offers a fast and efficient way to build Application and Services.
  » It is a Modern, General-Purpose Programming Language.
  » It is an Object Oriented Programming Language Has similar capabilities to java and is Appropriate for the most demanding App-Development tasks, especially for Building today's Large-scale Enterprise apps, Web-based, Mobile and could-based Apps.
  » It is Event Driven. We can write a Programs that respond to user-initiated events such as Mouse clicks, Keystrokes, timer expiration, touches and finger Swipes, that are widely used on Smartphones and Tablets.
  » It's also allows Asynchronous Programming in which tasks can be performed at the same time. Asynchronous make our Apps more responsive to user Interactions, such as mouse clicks and keystrokes.
  » It is a Structured Language and can produce efficient Programs.
  » It can be compiler on a Variety of Computer Platforms.
  » And Its easy to learn.
  

The .NET Framework

The .NET Framework Provides a Comprehensive development platform that offers a fast and efficient way to build applications and services. By using Visual Studio we can use the .NET Framework to create a wide range of solutions that operate across a broad range of computing devices.

The .NET Framework Provides three Principal elements:
The .NET Framework Class Library.

The Framework class Library (FCL) is a comprehensive collection of reusable types including classes, interfaces and data types included in the .NET Framework to Provide access to system functionality.

Development Frameworks.

The .NET Framework provides several development frameworks that we can use to build common application types, Including.

• » Windows Desktop Applications, by using XAML.
  » Desktop Client Applications by using Windows presentation foundation (WPF)
  » Service-Oriented web applications, by using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
  » Server-side Web Application, by using Active Server pages (ASP.NET) web forms or ASP.NET MVC.
  » Long-Running Applications by using windows services.
  
  Each Framework provides the Necessary components and Infrastructure to Get us Started.

The Common Language Runtime:

The .Net Framework Provides an Environment called the CLR. The CLR manages the execution of code and simplifies the development process by providing a robust and highly secure execution environment that includes Memory management, Transaction and Multithreading. The .NET Framework is an Environment where all the programs using .NET Technology are executed. the code is translated into intermediate language (IL). The IL code can be executed across different platforms. During the execution, the CLR performs the following tasks.

• » Assemblies are loaded in the memory. After loading the assemblies, CLR identifies namespaces for the code in the assemblies. Namespaces are the collection of classes.
  » Before the code is executed, the IL code is converted into machine language by the JIT compiler. In the verification process, the IL code is checked for memory locations available to access, methods called through the properly defined types.
  » The garbage collection process executes after the JIT compilation manages the allocation and de - allocation of memory for an application.
  » The .NET framework class library works with any .NET language such as VB.NET, VC#, VC++.NET. The class library provides classes that can be used in the code to accomplish the common programming tasks.
  

What C# can do for You?

Using C#, We can write Windows.NET Application, we can write Games with unity, we can write Native Mobile Applications for IOS/Android/Windows phone with it. C# can also be used within the SQL Server database to build reports, jobs and modules to do the backend work.

• Some Example of Great C# Apps:
  

  » Banshee: an Open-Source Media Player.
  » Docky: an Open-Source Dock Program for Unix-like Operating Systems such as Linux.
  » Flash Develop: An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) For development of Adobe flash Websites, web applications and desktop Applications.
  » HandBrake: A Multithreaded video transcoder software Application.
  » OpenRA: A Free remake of the classic command and conquer Game
  » Paint.NET: An Ope source raster Graphics editor Program.
  » SharpDevelop: An Open source Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for languages: C#, Visual Basic .NET, Boo, F#, IronPython.
  » Visual Studio: Which is written in Both C++ and C#.
  

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