/* Formating Independent flags: InfoBrother:*/
 
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>//for std::istringstream
#include <ios> //for std::unitbuf
#include <fstream>//for std::ofstream
using namespace std;
 
main()
{
        /* boolalpha & noboolalpha*/
        bool b=true;
        cout<<"boolalpha: "<<boolalpha<<b<<endl;
        cout<<"noboolalpha: "<<noboolalpha<<b<<endl;
 
        /*showbase & noshowbase*/
        int x=15;
        cout<<hex<<"\nshowbase: "<<showbase<<x<<endl;
        cout<<hex<<"noshowbase: "<<noshowbase<<x<<endl;
 
        /*showpoint &noshowpoint*/
        double a = 30;
	double s = 10000.0;
	double pi = 3.1416;
	cout.precision (5);
	cout<<"\nShowpoint: "<<showpoint << a << '\t' 
	                     << s << '\t' << pi << '\n';
 
	cout<<"noshowpoint: "<<noshowpoint << a << '\t' 
	                     << s << '\t' << pi << '\n';
 
	/*Showpos & noshowpos*/
	int p = 1;
	int z = 0;
	int c = -1;
 
	cout<<"\nshowpos: "<<showpos<<p<< '\t' << z 
	                   << '\t' <<c<<endl;
 
	cout<<"noshowpos: "<<noshowpos<<p<< '\t' 
	                   << z << '\t' <<c<<endl;
 
	/*Skipws &  noskipws*/
	char wa, wb, wc;
	istringstream iss (" 123");
	iss>>skipws>>wa>>wb>>wc;
	cout<<"\nSkipws: "<<wa<<wb<<wc<< '\n';
 
	iss.seekg(0);
	iss>>noskipws>>wa>>wb>>wc;
	cout<<"noskipws: "<<wa<<wb<<wc<< '\n';
 
	/*unitbuf & nounitbuf*/
	ofstream outfile ("test.txt");
	outfile<<unitbuf<<"Test "<<"file"<< '\n'; // flushed three times
	outfile.close();
 
	/*uppercase & nouppercase*/
	cout<<showbase<<hex;
	cout<<"\nuppercase: "<<uppercase<<77<< '\n';
	cout <<"nouppercase: "<<nouppercase<<77<< '\n';    
 
	return 0;
}

/* Numerical base format flags 
   ("basefield" flags): InfoBrother:*/
 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
main()
{
	int n = 70;
	cout<<"dec: "<< dec << n << '\n';  //dec
	cout<<"hex: "<< hex << n << '\n';  //hex
	cout<<"oct: "<< oct << n << '\n';  //oct
 
	return 0;
}

/* Floating-point format flags
   ("floatfield" flags): InfoBrother:*/
 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
main()
{
	double a = 3.1415926534;
	double b = 2006.0;
	double c = 1.0e-10;
 
	cout.precision(5);
 
	cout << "default:\n";
	cout << a << '\n' << b << '\n' << c << '\n';
 
	cout <<"\nfixed:\n"<<fixed;
	cout << a << '\n' << b << '\n' << c << '\n';
 
	cout << "\nscientific:\n" <<scientific;
	cout << a << '\n' << b << '\n' << c << '\n';
 
	return 0;
}

/* Input manipulators: InfoBrother:*/
 
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream> // std::istringstream, std::ws
using namespace std;
 
main()
{
	char a[10], b[10];
 
	istringstream iss ("one \n \t two");
	iss>>noskipws;
	iss>> a >> ws >>b;
	cout<< a <<", "<< b << '\n';
 
	return 0;
}

/* Parameterized manipulators: InfoBrother:*/
 
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip> // std::setiosflags
using namespace std;
 
main()
{
	/* setiosflags */
	cout<<" setiosflags: "<<endl;
	cout<<hex;
	cout<<setiosflags (ios::showbase | ios::uppercase);
	cout<<100<<endl;
 
	/*resetiosflags*/
	cout<<"\nresetiosflags: "<<endl;
	cout<< hex <<setiosflags (ios::showbase);
	cout<<100<<endl;
	cout<<resetiosflags(ios::showbase)<<100<<endl;
 
	/*setbase*/
	cout<<"\nsetbase: "<<endl;
	cout<<setbase(16);
	cout<<110<<endl;
 
	/*setfill*/
	cout<<"\nsetfill: "<<endl;
	cout<<setfill ('x')<<setw (10);
	cout<<77<<endl;
 
	/*setprecision*/
	cout<<"\nsetprecision: "<<endl;
	double f =3.14159;
	cout <<setprecision(9) << f << '\n';
	cout <<fixed;
	cout <<setprecision(9) << f << '\n';
 
	/*setw*/
	cout<<"\nsetw: "<<endl;
	cout <<setw(10);
	cout << 77 <<endl;
 
	return 0;
}